įor various reasons, the new firm operated as a dual-listed company, whereby the merging companies maintained their legal existence but operated as a single-unit partnership for business purposes. Their father had owned an antique company in Houndsditch, London, which expanded in 1833 to import and sell seashells, after which the company "Shell" took its name. The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company (the quotation marks were part of the legal name) was a British company, founded in 1897 by Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted, and his brother Samuel Samuel. The Royal Dutch Petroleum Company was a Dutch company founded in 1890 to develop an oilfield in Pangkalan Brandan, North Sumatra, and initially led by August Kessler, Hugo Loudon, and Henri Deterding. It was a move largely driven by the need to compete globally with Standard Oil. The Royal Dutch Shell Group was created in April 1907 through the amalgamation of two rival companies: the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company ( Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Petroleum Maatschappij) of the Netherlands and the Shell Transport and Trading Company Limited of the United Kingdom. The oil well at Pangkalan Brandan, North Sumatra, is considered to be the origin of the Royal Dutch Shell. The Shell logo is known as the "pecten" after the sea shell Pecten maximus the current version was designed by Raymond Loewy in 1971. In January 2022, the firm merged the A and B shares, moved its headquarters to London, and changed its name to Shell plc. From 2005 to 2022 the company had its headquarters in The Hague, its registered office in London and had two types of shares (A and B). Until its unification in 2005 as Royal Dutch Shell plc, the firm operated as a dual-listed company, whereby the British and Dutch companies maintained their legal existence and separate listings but operated as a single-unit partnership. Shell is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index and had a market capitalisation of £156 billion at the close of trading on 11 February 2022, by far the largest of any company listed on the LSE.
In recent decades gas has become an increasingly important part of Shell's business and Shell acquired BG Group in 2016. In 1970 Shell acquired the mining company Billiton, which it subsequently sold in 1994 and now forms part of BHP. In 1964 Shell was a partner in the world's first commercial sea transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Shell was one of the " Seven Sisters" which dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the mid-1970s. Shell first entered the chemicals industry in 1929. The combined company rapidly became the leading competitor of the American Standard Oil and by 1920 Shell was the largest producer of oil in the world. Shell was formed in 1907 through the merger of Royal Dutch Petroleum Company of the Netherlands and The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company of the United Kingdom. In addition to the main Shell brand, the company also owns the Jiffy Lube, Pennzoil and Quaker State brands. Shell holds 44% of Raízen, a publicly listed joint venture with Cosan, which is the third-largest Brazil-based energy company. Shell USA, its principal subsidiary in the United States, is one of its largest businesses. As of 31 December 2019, Shell had total proved reserves of 11.1 billion barrels (1.76 ×10 9 m 3) of oil equivalent. Shell has operations in over 99 countries, produces around 3.7 million barrels of oil equivalent per day and has around 44,000 service stations worldwide. Shell is vertically integrated and is active in every area of the oil and gas industry, including exploration, production, refining, transport, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation, and trading. Measured by both its own emissions, and the emissions of all the fossil fuels it sells, Shell was the ninth-largest corporate producer of greenhouse gas emissions in the period 1988–2015.
It is one of the oil and gas " supermajors" and by revenue and profits is one of the largest companies in the world, ranking within the top 10 of the Fortune global 500 since 2000. Shell is a public limited company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and secondary listings on Euronext Amsterdam and the New York Stock Exchange. Shell plc is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England.
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